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        <h1 id="JSONP原理"><a href="#JSONP原理" class="headerlink" title="JSONP原理"></a>JSONP原理</h1><p>JSONP（JSON with Padding）是一种跨域获取数据的方法，因为带<code>src</code>属性的标签如<code>&lt;script&gt;</code>允许跨域（1. 在CSP没有设置的情况下, 2.跨域时是可以带cookie的），因此前端可以设置一个callback请求并生成一个访问后台某个<code>&lt;script&gt;</code>的链接，后台在链接中动态的将数据包裹在先前的callback函数中，作为参数返回给前台，这样就完成了跨域获取数据的效果。</p><a id="more"></a>
<h2 id="简单示例"><a href="#简单示例" class="headerlink" title="简单示例"></a>简单示例</h2><h3 id="后台"><a href="#后台" class="headerlink" title="后台"></a>后台</h3><figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">import</span> json</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">from</span> flask <span class="keyword">import</span> Flask, request, render_template_string</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">app = Flask(__name__)</span><br><span class="line">app.secret_key=<span class="string">'random_secret_key'</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta">@app.route('/remote.js', methods=['GET'])</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">def</span> <span class="title">remote</span><span class="params">()</span>:</span></span><br><span class="line">    _id=int(request.args.get(<span class="string">"id"</span>))</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment"># fetch data from database...</span></span><br><span class="line">    user=[</span><br><span class="line">        dict(username=<span class="string">"zhangsan"</span>,stat=<span class="string">"student"</span>),</span><br><span class="line">        dict(username=<span class="string">"lisi"</span>,stat=<span class="string">"working"</span>),</span><br><span class="line">        dict(username=<span class="string">"wangwu"</span>,stat=<span class="string">"student"</span>),</span><br><span class="line">    ]</span><br><span class="line">    callback=request.args.get(<span class="string">"callback"</span>)</span><br><span class="line">    json_data=json.dumps(user[_id])</span><br><span class="line">    template=<span class="string">"&#123;&#123;callback&#125;&#125;(&#123;&#123;json_data&#125;&#125;)"</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">return</span> render_template_string(template, callback=callback, json_data=json_data)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">if</span> __name__ == <span class="string">'__main__'</span>:</span><br><span class="line">    app.run(host=<span class="string">'127.0.0.1'</span>, port=<span class="number">8888</span>, debug=<span class="literal">True</span>)</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>这样，加入我们访问<a href="http://127.0.0.1:8888/remote.js?id=1&amp;callback=mycallback，那么会得到如下结果：" target="_blank" rel="noopener">http://127.0.0.1:8888/remote.js?id=1&amp;callback=mycallback，那么会得到如下结果：</a></p>
<p><img src="/jsonp-JSONP原理及其安全性问题/1549265659864.png" alt="1549265659864"></p>
<h3 id="前台"><a href="#前台" class="headerlink" title="前台"></a>前台</h3><p>那么前端就可以嵌入一个<code>&lt;script&gt;</code>标签，其中<code>src</code>设置为<a href="http://127.0.0.1:8888/remote.js?id=1&amp;callback=mycallback，以此获取数据：" target="_blank" rel="noopener">http://127.0.0.1:8888/remote.js?id=1&amp;callback=mycallback，以此获取数据：</a></p>
<figure class="highlight html"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">html</span> <span class="attr">xmlns</span>=<span class="string">"http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">head</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">title</span>&gt;</span><span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">title</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">script</span> <span class="attr">type</span>=<span class="string">"text/javascript"</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="javascript">    <span class="comment">// 得到查询结果后的回调函数</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="javascript">    <span class="keyword">var</span> mycallback = <span class="function"><span class="keyword">function</span>(<span class="params">data</span>)</span>&#123;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="javascript">        alert(<span class="string">'username: '</span> + data.username + <span class="string">', status: '</span>+ data.stat);</span></span><br><span class="line">    &#125;;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">script</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">&lt;!-- 提供jsonp服务的url地址（不管是什么类型的地址，最终生成的返回值都是一段javascript代码） --&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">script</span> <span class="attr">src</span>=<span class="string">"http://127.0.0.1:8888/remote.js?id=1&amp;callback=mycallback"</span>&gt;</span><span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">script</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">head</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">body</span>&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">body</span>&gt;</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>可以看到获取数据成功：</p>
<p><img src="/jsonp-JSONP原理及其安全性问题/1549266866289.png" alt="1549266866289"></p>
<p>同时给出jQuery的版本：</p>
<figure class="highlight js"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">$(<span class="built_in">document</span>).ready(<span class="function"><span class="keyword">function</span>(<span class="params"></span>)</span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    $.ajax(&#123;</span><br><span class="line">        type: <span class="string">"get"</span>,</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">async</span>: <span class="literal">false</span>,</span><br><span class="line">        url: <span class="string">"http://127.0.0.1:8888/remote.js?id=1"</span>,</span><br><span class="line">        dataType: <span class="string">"jsonp"</span>,</span><br><span class="line">        jsonp: <span class="string">"callback"</span>,<span class="comment">//传递给请求处理程序或页面的，用以获得jsonp回调函数名的参数名(一般默认为:callback)</span></span><br><span class="line">        jsonpCallback:<span class="string">"mycallback"</span>,<span class="comment">//自定义的jsonp回调函数名称，默认为jQuery自动生成的随机函数名，也可以写"?"，jQuery会自动为你处理数据</span></span><br><span class="line">        success: <span class="function"><span class="keyword">function</span>(<span class="params">json</span>)</span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">            alert(<span class="string">'username: '</span> + data.username + <span class="string">', status: '</span>+ data.stat);</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;,</span><br><span class="line">        error: <span class="function"><span class="keyword">function</span>(<span class="params"></span>)</span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">            alert(<span class="string">'fail'</span>);</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;);</span><br><span class="line">&#125;);</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h1 id="JSONP的安全性问题"><a href="#JSONP的安全性问题" class="headerlink" title="JSONP的安全性问题"></a>JSONP的安全性问题</h1><h2 id="JSON劫持导致CSRF"><a href="#JSON劫持导致CSRF" class="headerlink" title="JSON劫持导致CSRF"></a>JSON劫持导致CSRF</h2><p>主要表现为后台没有做身份认证，导致任何前台都可以发送JSONP请求，若请求中存在敏感信息则会发生信息泄露（相当于CSRF）。</p>
<h3 id="防御方法"><a href="#防御方法" class="headerlink" title="防御方法"></a>防御方法</h3><ol>
<li>使用referer过滤，对于空referer不予以放行</li>
<li>增加一个随机token</li>
</ol>
<p>可以看到整体的防御方法类似于CSRF的防御方法。</p>
<h3 id="空referer"><a href="#空referer" class="headerlink" title="空referer"></a>空referer</h3><p>进行基于referer的防御时，对于空referer的情况应不予以放行，因为攻击者可以使用某些标签（<code>iframe</code>）构造空referer。Payload如下：</p>
<figure class="highlight html"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">iframe</span> <span class="attr">src</span>=<span class="string">"javascript:'&lt;script&gt;function callback(o)&#123;alert(o.username);&#125;&lt;/script&gt;&lt;script src=http://127.0.0.1:8888/remote.js?id=1&amp;callback=callback&gt;&lt;/script&gt;'"</span>&gt;</span><span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">iframe</span>&gt;</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h2 id="自定义Callback导致XSS"><a href="#自定义Callback导致XSS" class="headerlink" title="自定义Callback导致XSS"></a>自定义Callback导致XSS</h2><p>比如说本文的实例，攻击者可以构造如下链接导致反射型XSS：</p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">http://127.0.0.1:8888/remote.js?id=1&amp;callback=&lt;script&gt;alert(/xss/)&lt;/script&gt;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h3 id="防御方法-1"><a href="#防御方法-1" class="headerlink" title="防御方法"></a>防御方法</h3><ul>
<li>定义Content-Type: application/json</li>
<li>对XSS字符进行能过滤</li>
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